A Bad Example

You have to hand it to the Washington Post. At a time when millions of working Americans are finding a financial lifeline in their retirement savings, they managed to find in the questionable life choices of a half dozen individuals a condemnation of the nation’s private retirement system.

The piece, laboriously titled “Millions of baby boomers are getting caught in the country’s broken retirement system” is light (and selective) on data (they managed to get hold of a 2016 report by the Economic Policy Institute subtitled “How 401(k)s have failed most American workers,” some datapoints from the National Institute on Retirement Security (for those who have forgotten some of the issues with their database, see Data ‘Minding’” and a couple of quotes from none other than Teresa Ghilarducci). Indeed, the article isn’t really about factual data; rather it’s mostly reliant on the anecdotes of six individuals the author has somehow stumbled upon.

Weirdly, the article’s author (who is said to cover energy as his regular beat) does manage to find a kind of silver lining in these individuals’ predicaments, noting that “the coronavirus pandemic has scrambled the lives of these six boomers just as it has everyone else’s, though with no savings to worry about at least it hasn’t directly hurt them financially.”

And while the article claims that “none of these stories is an outlier,” well—judge for yourself.

One 70-year-old “had some good jobs over the years,” but her two divorces “involved lawyers, the need to set up new households, and a general drain on savings.” She admits that “I would rather be happy today than miserable 25 years from now. And so I made choices based on that rather than on the economics, which, you know, one could argue fairly successfully that I made some pretty stupid decisions.”

Another says he came down with non-Hodgkins lymphoma, figured he didn’t have long to live and was fed up anyway with life in “corporate America”—and so “retired”… at age 52. Thereafter he says he sold his house and cashed in his 401(k), which had about $100,000 in it, wound up stuck with back taxes, penalties and the like, but also bought a new car, gave some money to family members who needed it and, yes, went on a cruise because he thought he’d die soon. He admits, “I went through a lot of money very quickly.”

Other examples cited one individual who chose to pursue passion—and traded full-time employment for part-time—living in Manhattan. Another, a former truck driver, retired at 62—with $10,000 in his 401(k)—opting to retire now “because my body’s been beat up so bad after 40 years of driving.”

Not to demean or dismiss the financial hardships of the individuals chronicled in the article, but it was hard not to see in nearly all of these stories an abundance of personal choices that lead to their post-retirement “plight.” A point that the individuals featured make no bones about.

It’s not like dissing the retirement system or the 401(k) is a new “sport” for the media. And let's be honest - some will run short of money in retirement, and some—like the individuals featured in the article—may well be forced to make the tough decisions late in life that different decisions earlier could have forestalled.

It may not be the lifestyle they might choose, but many will nonetheless be able to replicate a respectable portion of their pre-retirement income levels, certainly if the support of Social Security is maintained at current levels. In fact, an analysis in 2014 by the non-partisan Employee Benefit Research Institute found that current levels of Social Security benefits, coupled with at least 30 years of 401(k) savings eligibility, could provide most workers—between 83% and 86% of them, in fact—with an annual income of at least 60% of their preretirement pay on an inflation-adjusted basis. Even at an 80% replacement rate, a full two-thirds (67%) of the lowest-income quartile would still meet that threshold—and that’s making no assumptions about the impact of plan design features like automatic enrollment and annual contribution acceleration.

It would be naïve to argue that the voluntary nature of the 401(k) design works for everyone, certainly not for those who don’t take advantage of the option, and it most assuredly won’t work for those who don’t have access to its benefits. That said, 401(k)s are working for far more people and in much more varied circumstances than the fear-mongering headlines acknowledge. It’s one thing, after all, to acquiesce to what has become a journalistic “creed”—that “if it bleeds, it leads”—and something else again to wield the knife.

It’s well past time to call out these reports—that “normalize” these “bad” examples—for what they really are: at best a naïve and misinformed parroting of surveys with questionable samplings and methodologies, and at worst serving as the agent of a long-standing and deliberately intentioned “plot” to kill the 401(k). They do so first by undermining its value, discounting and demeaning the modest tax deferrals that encourage most who have access to such programs to set aside their natural preferences for spending—and then discrediting as “rich”[i] those who do take advantage of the option and make thoughtful preparations for retirement (and who, ironically, may well wind up supporting those who didn’t via higher tax burdens because they actually have retirement income).

It’s been said that “a lie unchallenged becomes the truth.” If those of us who know better don’t start speaking up—and speaking out—you can bet that the drumbeat of coverage about the failure of the 401(k) will one day become a self-fulfilling prophecy.

- Nevin E. Adams, JD

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[i]You don’t have to be rich to do so—even among modest income workers ($30,000-$50,000/year), we’ve seen that workers are 12 times more likely to save via a workplace retirement plan than to open that individual IRA.

The Next Chapter

Life has many lessons to teach us, some more painful than others—and some we’d just as soon be spared. But for the graduates of 2020—well, theirs is surely a unique time. So, if you have a graduate—or if you ARE a graduate, here are some thoughts…   

My kids have passed those milestones—but I have two nieces that will graduate this year without an “official” ceremony to commemorate the occasion, no capstone to those years in pursuit of education, and preparation for the next of life’s stages, and—while social media, cell phones, TikTok and Zoom provide some solace—this is a class that will, for the moment anyway, be denied the hugs and warm embraces of classmates, friends and family alike.

That said, those next steps lie ahead—and if the when, where (and how) remains elusive—the if is surely only a matter of time. And as graduates everywhere look ahead to the next chapter in their lives, it seems a good time to reflect on some lessons learned along the way—most of which apply regardless of the times.

The world is made up of introverts and extroverts—learn and respect the difference(s).

You can “social distance” without being socially distant.

Because you’re young(er), people are going to assume you know things you don’t—and assume you don’t know things you do.

Nothing says a video conference has to include video.

There can be a “bad” time even for good ideas.

Emails can be a blunt instrument for (mis)communication.

Be who you are and say what you feel, because those who mind don’t matter and those who matter don’t mind. But not necessarily at work.

Paying the minimum due on your credit cards is dumb.

There actually are stupid questions.

A picture may be worth a thousand words, but sometimes it pays to read the fine print.

Never say you’ll never…

“Bad” people almost always get what’s coming to them. Eventually.

Always sleep on big decisions.

When it seems too good to be true, it’s generally neither good, nor true.

Never let your schooling stand in the way of your education.

Sometimes the grass on the other side looks greener because of the amount of fertilizer applied.

Never miss a chance to say, “thank you.”

Hug your parents—often.

If you wouldn’t want your mother to learn about it, don’t do it.

Bad news generally doesn’t age well.

Your work attitude often affects your career altitude.

Comments that begin “with all due respect” generally aren’t.

Sometimes the questions are complicated, but the answer isn’t.

That 401(k) match isn’t really “free” money—but it won’t cost you a thing.

And don’t forget that you’ll want to plan for your future now—because retirement, like graduation, seems a long way off—until it isn’t.

Congratulations to all the graduates out there. We’re proud of you!

- Nevin E. Adams, JD

Got some to add? Feel free to add in the comments.

Corona Conscious

Perhaps like many of you, I spent the last week watching a series of announcements regarding various school and business closings associated with the coronavirus—but I was also keeping an eye on my retirement savings.

I know—this is exactly the thing that most advisors counsel against, not only because it might be depressing (though there’s been plenty of inspiring moments), but because human beings are often inclined to react emotionally, not rationally in markets like these. And, seriously, have there ever  been markets like these?

Now many, perhaps most, participants and plan sponsors will embrace the counsel to not only avoid taking action, but to avoid paying any attention to the short-term volatility of what is, by its very nature, a long-term investment.

That said, some will undoubtedly want to do  something. And for those, I offer the following alternatives.

If you’re in a target-date fund or managed account:

Leave it alone. People have been told for years to not “leave your eggs in one basket,” to make sure that your retirement savings is diversified between investments in stocks, bond, and cash (or mutual funds that invest in those). But that target-date fund (or managed account) is already diversified, and even if it looks like a single investment, it’s not.

Target-date funds[i] are a pre-mixed investment solution—and most are designed in such a way that they assume that you are investing all of your retirement savings in that one investment. If you mix and match that with other funds on your retirement savings menu—or split your savings between two (or more) target-date funds—you will probably wind up with a mess. Just pick one. It’s the basket you should  put all your eggs into.

If you’re not  invested in a target-date fund or managed account:

Check your account balance. While a lot of experts will tell you to avoid looking at your account right after a big drop in the markets, if you’re making individual fund choices, it’s probably worth checking out how your account is currently invested. If you haven’t checked in a while, you might find that it’s gotten “out of balance” from your original investment selections.

Indeed, that’s why—several days into the sharp declines following the recent record highs (yes, it’s hard to believe that a month ago we were sitting at all-time record highs), I logged onto my account(s). I wanted a rough assessment of just how much my asset allocations had been shifted—and took advantage of a couple of market dips to move some money into equities (although sadly, some of the dips kept dipping… but retirement is (still) a ways off…).

Get started on rebalancing. If you’re making your own investment decisions, while this may not be a great time to rebalance your entire account, you can start by changing the investment elections of new contributions, rather than transferring existing balances. It will take longer to realign the entire account, but at least you aren’t realizing those as-yet-unrealized losses.

Look into automated rebalancing. If you still make and maintain individual investment fund choices in your retirement account, it can be hard to pick the best time to make a change. (Hint: a period of extreme market volatility is almost never the best time.) However, the vast majority of providers now have in place mechanisms that will, at some preset frequency (e.g., monthly, quarterly, or annual), automatically rebalance those accounts in accordance with your established investment elections. It’s a good way to keep things in balance without having to worry (or remember) about it.

Consider investing in a target-date fund or managed account. When you sit down to make choices with your retirement plan investments, you are generally presented with a list of fund choices—and given an opportunity to choose those that will help your retirement savings grow. However, most of us are not investment experts—and even if you have the time, and get the help to make a good decision, you may well be too busy to keep an eye on those choices on a regular basis.

Regardless of whether you’re in a target-date fund or managed account or not:

Increase your current deferral rate. This is a biggie. When you think about just how much cheaper those retirement plan investments are compared with a few weeks ago, it’s hard to pass up that kind of bargain. More so if you aren’t yet saving at the maximum level of the match.

Think about getting some professional investment help. Odds are, even if you like keeping up with the markets, it’s not your day job. A good, trusted advisor is always a great option, but you might find it useful to look into a solution that is professionally managed all the time—such as a balanced fund, target-date fund or managed account option.

Remember that “stay the course” is only a viable strategy if you were on the right track to begin with.

- Nevin E. Adams, JD

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[i]Although target-date funds and managed accounts are not identical, both are “pre-mixed” investments that are diversified between stocks, bonds, and cash based on stated criteria, generally either a target retirement date, an established individual tolerance for investment risk, or some combination of those factors. For these purposes, references to target-date funds should also be considered to include managed accounts.

'Nothing' Doing

If you’ve been asked in the past two weeks what to do about the market (and who hasn’t), I’m sure your response has been something along the lines of . . . “Nothing.”

There are, of course, more eloquent ways to express that sentiment. And, let’s face it, when it seems that everyone is asking that question—it’s generally well past the time when it is prudent to try and do—well, anything.

Still, it seems that throughout my professional career, every time the market plunges (even when it stays down for an extended period), the pundits all seem to say the same thing; “the fundamentals are sound,” “we’re going through a period of short-term volatility,” or “we were due for a correction” (sometimes all of the above). Granted, this period seems unusual—there is a non-financial cause (the coronavirus outbreak) that is projected/anticipated to have a financial impact of unknown size and duration. That it has emerged at the outset of what is likely to be one of the more contentious election cycles in memory will, of course, only fan the flames of uncertainty—which is, at its core, the heart of all market volatility.

As for the admonitions to “stand pat,” while we’d all like to believe that we don’t need to do anything (and it’s generally too late anyway), there’s something to be said for a timely, comforting voice of reassurance. Better yet if that reassurance comes from someone knowledgeable in such matters—and better still when that reassurance comes from someone familiar with the particulars of our investment portfolio and financial needs/aspirations.

Plan sponsor fiduciaries are generally appreciative of those messages. They bear responsibility for the prudence of such investments, after all—and the reassurances of experts that prudence has been manifested in their decisions (or their non-decisions) is understandably welcome. Most are only too happy to pass along those reassurances to the retirement plan participants on whose behalf their decisions (or non-decisions) have been made.

Indeed, it’s a rare 401(k) enrollment meeting or education pamphlet that doesn’t remind us all that 401(k)s are long-term investments, that they continue to benefit from the on-going benefits of dollar-cost averaging, and perhaps increasingly that their investment in a diversified asset allocation “solution” like a target-date fund or managed account means that they needn’t concern themselves with those kind of interim swings.

Tough times can engender resentment and, in extreme cases, litigation, after all.

But they can also foster an appreciation for expert counsel, and that current reassurance that the inevitable “storm” has been anticipated—and that tough times can bring with them, opportunity.

- Nevin E. Adams, JD