Here they are:
Do More Roth — Sooner
I’ve long been a huge fan of Roth. It’s not hard to look at the federal government’s finances, the current tax brackets, and figure out that the rates aren’t likely to get any lower in the future.
And yes, for the last decade or so of work, I went all Roth, including catch-ups. In fairness, Roth wasn’t an option for most of my retirement savings career. Even so, in those first years, recordkeepers weren’t really ready — and I, like most of my generation, had by then been so thoroughly coached on the advantages of pre-tax accumulations — well, it was easy to shrug off Roth as one of those things of which only the wealthy could afford to benefit.
But — and particularly as I got closer to retirement — the question has always been, where will your income in retirement line up with those brackets? That said, the closer I got to retirement, the easier it was to make that determination — and even more fully appreciate the benefits of tax diversification, particularly as I look ahead to the implications of required minimum distributions (RMD), when taxes on all those previous years of pre-tax savings come due — with a vengeance.
So, if you haven’t been thinking about Roth — and those new catch-up contribution limits are a good opportunity — do so.
Set Up the Roth IRA Before the Rollover
This one still makes me shake my head.
A few months after retirement, I rolled those balances into an IRA: one for a Roth, another for the pre-tax accounts.
Only to “discover” that the five-year clock on the withdrawal of Roth account earnings without penalty starts with the date of the IRA account opening, NOT the date from my 401(k). This turns out not to be a hidden secret — but I never picked up on it.
Now, as it turns out, I won’t need to pull that money out before the five-year clock resets with the rollover Roth IRA. But I could have spared myself a bit of worry if I had opened that Roth IRA earlier — and THEN rolled over to that account after retirement.
Lesson learned: Open the account early — even if you don’t think you’ll use it right away.
Future You will thank you.
Know That 1099 Income Is … Messy (and It All Counts)
I assumed income in retirement would be simpler (there’s surely less of it) than working-life income.
That assumption did not survive contact with my new status as a 1099 worker. The good news is that, post-retirement, I’ve had several amazing opportunities not only to continue contributing my writing and expertise, but also get paid for it.
The bad news is, I wasn’t really prepared for the financial challenges of estimated tax payments, and, more critically, the financial toll of self-employment tax, wherein I am — even as a Social Security recipient — expected to pay both the employer and employee portions of FICA withholding. From a practical standpoint, that means that that “extra” income — well, less of it goes into my pocket than one might think.
Without withholding, income timing becomes trickier. Estimated tax payments become real (and, oh so large). Cash flow planning requires more attention. And there’s a persistent, low-grade constant uncertainty about whether I’m underpaying, overpaying, or just guessing until April rolls around. Oh, and the IRS has some pretty specific rules around how much estimated tax is due — and when.
And yes, there are financial penalties for guessing “wrong”.
The More You “Make,” the More They’ll “Take”…in Unexpected Ways
I have previously written about the biggest surprise of my retirement[i] — and I continue to struggle with it.
Like most people (I assume), I never gave much thought to post-retirement healthcare insurance. Oh, I’m aware of the funding issues (it’s actually in a more financially precarious position than Social Security), but as post-retirement healthcare has pretty much evaporated in the private sector, I figured we’d deal with it …when we had to.
Turns out, Medicare health insurance premiums are based on income. And if you’ve filed jointly, BOTH of your premiums are based on your adjusted gross income (AGI). Which means that 1099 income counts, and most particularly those withdrawals of pre-tax savings count. Big time.
Together, they can quietly push you into higher income-related premium tiers for Medicare — increasing Part B and Part D premiums in ways that feel disconnected from the original retirement planning conversation …but absolutely aren’t. That’s where those Roth decisions can really pay off.
The interaction is subtle, but the dollars aren’t.
File for Medicare Before You Need It
Once you start receiving Social Security benefits, you are automatically enrolled in Medicare Part A. But even if you work past age 65 (as I did) and don’t start taking Social Security (like me), you still have to sign up for Medicare — even if you’re still working, have insurance, and don’t plan to use Medicare (this will, of course, confuse your current health care providers, at least momentarily. Everyone assumes when you turn 65, you’re on Medicare).
There’s a seven-month initial enrollment period that begins three months before the month you turn 65 and ends three months after your birthday month. Now, there are some exceptions to that timing, but — the bottom line is, you’ll likely find it to be less complicated to sign up around your 65th birthday, and then you don’t have to worry that you’ll run afoul of deadlines that can cost you a lot later on.
The bottom line here is that your post-retirement spending plans need to include something for health insurance (more precisely, your Social Security benefit will be reduced by that amount). You can find out more at: https://www.medicare.gov/basics/costs/medicare-costs
The Sixth “Lesson”
Let’s face it, even those of us who have spent our lives thinking about retirement don’t get everything right when it comes to our own.
The irony is that I spent years telling others to plan — and I did - at least sporadically. Ultimately, I focused more on the accumulation side of the retirement equation and less on the spending side. The good news is, even with the “surprises” noted above, the accumulations appear to have provided a pretty good buffer.
Retirement is good. Really good, in fact. But it’s even better when you make the easy moves before they become harder ones. If you’re still working and thinking, “I’ll handle that later,” take it from someone three years in:
“Later” comes faster than you think.
- Nevin E. Adams, JD
